«INDUSTRIAL BIROBIDZHAN IS GROWING»: TWO EXHIBITIONS IN MOSCOW AND LENINGRAD DEDICATED TO JEWISH ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE USSR IN 1930S

A.I. Ivanov

Аннотация


The author of the article considers two exhibitions dedicated to the Soviet propaganda project for the radical reconstruction of the Russian Jewry socio-economic structure. The first one – «Birobidzhan» – was held in 1933 in a pavilion of the Maxim Gorky Central Park of Culture and Rest in Moscow. Another exhibition –«Jews in Tsarist Russia and in the USSR», organized by the Jewish section of the State Museum of Ethnography (now – the Russian Ethnographic Museum) was working in Leningrad for the period from 1939 to 1941. Based on the documents stored in the Scientific Archive of the Russian Ethnographic Museum, the author shows how the Soviet propaganda machine used the demonstration material of museums in 1930s. The entire arsenal of exhibition was used to demonstrate «the achievements of the Leninist-Stalinist national policy among the Jews of the USSR», a creation of the Jewish Autonomous Region in the Soviet Far East being a major one.


Ключевые слова


Birobidzhan; Jewish Autonomous Region; KOMZET; OZET; national policy; propaganda; museumification; the Maxim Gorky Central Park of Culture and Rest; the State Museum of Ethnography; Moscow; Leningrad.

Литература


Akt o vskrytii yashchikov s eksponatami vystavki «Birobidzhan», 17 marta 1933 g. F. 5. Op. 4. D. 47. L. 4. (In Russ.).

Akt o peredache materialov vystavki Birobidzhan v Tsentral’nyi muzei narodovedeniya v Moskve, 9 sent. 1933 g. F. 5. Op. 4. D. 47. L. 12 s ob. (In Russ.).

Ivanov A.I. In search of a new person on the banks of the Bira and Bijan rivers.” Jewish Section of the State Museum of Ethnography in Leningrad (1937–1941), in Sovetskaya geniza. Novye arkhivnye razyskaniya po istorii evreev SSSR (Soviet geniza. New archival searches on the history of the Jews of the USSR). Boston; Saint-Petersburg: Academic Studies Press Publ., 2020, vol. 1, pp. 171–292. (In Russ.).

Ivanov A.I. Jews in Tsarist Russia and the USSR-Exhibition of Achievements of Jewish Economic and cultural Construction in the Land of the Soviets. Novoe lit. obozrenie, 2010, no. 2(102), pp. 158–182. (In Russ.).

Ivanov A.I. The exhibition “Jews in Tsarist Russia and in the USSR” in the context of Soviet museum construction in the 1930s., in Sovetskaya iudaika: istoriya, problemy, personalii, nauch. red. M. Kupovetskii (Soviet Judaica: History, Problems, Personalities). Ierusalim; Moscow: Gesharim Publ.; Mosty kul’tury Publ., 2017, pp. 157–200. (In Russ.).

Ivanov A.I. D.M. Pozdneev-organizer of the Jewish section in the State Museum of Ethnography, in Pravo na imya: Biografika 20 veka: pyatnadtsatye chteniya pamyati Veniamina Iofe. Saint-Petersburg, 2018, pp. 73–81. (In Russ.).

Kalinin M.I. Ob obrazovanii Evreiskoi avtonomnoi oblasti (About the formation of the Jewish Autonomous Region). Moscow: Emes Publ., 1935. 23 p. (In Russ.).

Opis’ materialov po vystavke «Birobidzhan» (OZET), mart 1933 g. NA REM. F. 5. Op. 4. D. 47. L. 5–6 s ob. (In Russ.).

Opis’ veshchei s vystavki «Birobidzhan», mart 1933 g. NA REM. F. 5. Op. 4. D. 47. L. 3. (In Russ.).

David Ben-Gurion’s report on participation in the All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft-Industrial Exhibition in Moscow in 1923 (Translated from Hebrew by E. Zyskina; comments by S. Amosova and A. Ivanov). Lekhaim, 2020, no. 5 (337), pp. 23–41. (In Russ.).

Otchet ekspeditsii Gos. muzeya etnografii v Evreiskuyu avtonomnuyu oblast’ v 1937 g. NA REM. F. 2. Op. 5. D. 34. L. 6. (In Russ.).

Rost naseleniya Birobidzhanskogo raiona, zaproektirovannyi po 2-i pyatiletke, 1 okt. 1933 g. Nauchnyi arkhiv Rossiiskogo etnograficheskogo muzeya. F. 2. Op. 5. D. 16. L. 47. (In Russ.).

Trudy Pervogo Vserossiiskogo muzeinogo s”ezda (Proceedings of the First All-Russian Museum Congress), vol. 1. Moscow; Leningrad, 1931. 214 p. (In Russ.).


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